Nochevnaya V.V. Legal Language as an Important Component of Lawyers’ Work: Issues and Approaches to Improving the Interpretation of Legal Texts.

DOI: 10.51634/2307-5201_2024_4_61

УДК 34.096

ГРНТИ 10.01.11

V.V. Nochevnaya

PhD student, Higher School of Law, Maqsut Narikbayev University

(Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan)

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This research paper is devoted to the study of the key role of legal language in law enforcement activities, emphasizing its importance for the professional work of lawyers. The complex nature of legal language creates significant difficulties in interpretation, requiring not only a deep knowledge of the language, but also mastery of the basics of legal principles. The paper analyses in detail the multifaceted problems associated with understanding legal language, and proposes methodological approaches aimed at improving the interpretation of legal texts.

Legal language is a central element of law enforcement practice, forming the basis for the professional activity of lawyers. The purpose of the study is to identify the fundamental significance of legal language and its role in the complex area of legal interpretation. The difficulties that lawyers face when analysing legal texts emphasize the need to integrate linguistic and legal knowledge for adequate understanding. The multifaceted nature of legal language is manifested not only in the accuracy of terminology and the use of specialized jargon, but also in historical and contextual factors affecting its content and interpretation.

The study of legal language is an examination of the relationship between language and law – a symbiotic system, a harmonious understanding of which is necessary for the successful interpretation of legal texts. The significance of this relationship is especially obvious in light of the possible consequences of incorrect interpretation, which can lead to legal disputes, judicial errors and weakening of the rule of law. Thus, the article not only focuses on the problems of legal language, but also emphasizes the need to develop lawyers' increased sensitivity to the linguistic and contextual features underlying law enforcement.

An in-depth study of legal language shows that knowledge of the language alone is not enough for its accurate interpretation. Lawyers must be able to work with the uncertainties and ambiguities characteristic of legal texts. Even carefully prepared legal documents may contain elements of ambiguity, creating a risk of different understandings. To analyse this problem, the article examines key precedent cases and academic research to identify the characteristic features of ambiguous language and propose approaches to ensure clarity of legal communication.

The paper does not limit itself to identifying the problems associated with legal language, but also suggests strategic ways to address them. Attention is paid to various methods for improving the interpretation of legal texts, including the integration of language skills into legal education programs and the introduction of simplified language principles into legal writing. Such measures contribute to the improvement of the effectiveness of legal communication and the awareness of lawyers of the evolution of language.

In conclusion the paper presents a systematic study of the features of legal language and its significance in law enforcement practice. The identified problems, difficulties and cognitive aspects of legal language are analysed in the context of their impact on the professional activities of lawyers. The article offers a methodological basis for improving the level of interpretation of legal language, emphasizing its importance for maintaining justice, strengthening the rule of law and ensuring the effective functioning of legal systems at the global level.

Key words: Legal language, law enforcement, legal interpretation, cognitive biases, linguistic analysis, legal education, plain language, legal communication, natural language processing (NLP), legal texts, ambiguity in law, interdisciplinary approach, legal writing, heuristics, legal technology, blockchain and law, artificial intelligence in law, legal terminology, rule of law, access to justice

Introduction

Legal language is a complex structure that requires specialized cognitive skills for its adequate interpretation. Lawyers face numerous challenges when analyzing and comprehending legal texts. Among these challenges, cognitive biases are of particular importance, as they have a significant impact on the process of perception and interpretation. Their identification and elimination are the most important tasks for ensuring the objectivity and accuracy of legal activity.

The interpretation of legal language is based on a complex interaction of linguistic competence, professional legal training, and cognitive abilities. Unlike ordinary language, legal texts require the highest degree of precision and careful analysis. Legal activity involves cognitive processes comparable to intellectual gymnastics, where linguistic complexity and legal principles are intertwined into a single whole, requiring specialists to have a deep understanding of statutes, contracts, and court decisions.

Cognitive biases inherent in human thinking significantly affect the interpretation of legal texts. For example, confirmation bias is the tendency to emphasize information that is consistent with existing beliefs, while anchoring bias causes an overreliance on the first piece of information received. Such biases can introduce subjectivity into the process of legal interpretation, which requires their critical analysis.

Confirmation bias can lead to an emphasis on evidence or arguments that correspond to the initial attitudes of the expert, which limits his or her ability to consider alternative interpretations. The anchoring effect, in turn, can cause a disproportionate influence of initial information on subsequent conclusions.

Research by Gerd Gigerenzer, one of the leading scientists in the field of cognitive psychology, sheds light on the concept of heuristics – mental strategies that simplify the decision-making process. In his work “Rationality for Mortals: How People Cope with Uncertainty” (2008) [1, p. 20-45], Gigerenzer argues that heuristics are not irrational shortcuts in thinking, but adaptive strategies that facilitate effective decision making under uncertainty.

Applying Gigerenzer's ideas to legal interpretation allows lawyers to recognize the role of heuristic processes in their cognitive activity. Understanding such mechanisms forms the basis for a more informed and methodologically sound approach to analyzing legal texts.

Cass Sunstein, a prominent lawyer and behavioral economist, has studied the influence of behavioral mechanisms on decision making. In “The Ethics of Influence: Government in the Age of Behavioral Science” (2016) [2, p. 18-42], Sunstein explores the concept of “nudges” – small changes in the presentation of information that can influence decision making without limiting choice.

In the context of legal interpretation, Sunstein's ideas draw attention to the ethical aspects of the presentation of information. Legal textual cues, whether conscious or unconscious, influence how lawyers perceive and interpret data. Being aware of these factors contributes to a more meaningful and objective approach to professional practice. [2, p. 78-115]

The process of interpreting legal texts therefore involves the need to overcome cognitive challenges, including the impact of biases. Being aware of and taking these factors into account is fundamental to achieving objectivity and accuracy in legal practice.

Research by scholars such as Gigerenzer and Sunstein provides important interdisciplinary perspectives that contribute to a deeper understanding of the cognitive aspects of legal interpretation. Empirical evidence supports the need to develop strategies to minimize the impact of biases, which together provide a more informed and objective approach to analyzing legal language.

Legal professionals, by integrating this knowledge, can tailor their approaches to interpretation, improving their effectiveness. The use of interdisciplinary approaches, innovative technologies and principles of continuous professional development will allow lawyers to more confidently cope with cognitive difficulties and ensure a high level of analysis of complex legal texts.

Materials and Methods

This paper draws on a variety of sources, including the laws of various jurisdictions (Canada, the USA, Australia, the European Union, New Zealand, Sweden), case law, key scientific works in the field of legal language, and interdisciplinary research in law, linguistics, and technology. Particular attention is paid to the theoretical works of authors, as well as to the analysis of technological innovations, including natural language processing and blockchain.

The methodology of scientific research is based on a combination of general scientific and special methods of cognition, including the dialectical method for analyzing the evolution of legal language, the systemic-structural approach for studying its significance in the process of law enforcement, the functional method for identifying key tasks of interpretation, the comparative legal method for studying international experience, as well as the formal legal method for analyzing regulatory legal acts and judicial practice. The use of an interdisciplinary approach made it possible to reveal the interaction of legal language, cognitive processes and technologies in the context of ensuring fairness and the effectiveness of law enforcement.

Main Provisions

Approaches to improving the interpretation of legal texts

Solving the above-mentioned problems of interpreting legal language requires a comprehensive and multifaceted approach. Legal education plays a key role in this process, as it develops the skills of future specialists to deeply understand legal texts. Using the principles of simplified language when drafting legal documents helps to reduce their semantic ambiguity and increase their accessibility to a wide audience. In addition, modern technological tools, such as natural language processing (NLP), open up new opportunities for analyzing complex texts.

Legal education forms the basis for developing the analytical skills necessary for successfully comprehending legal language. University programs play an important role in developing interpretative competencies in lawyers. Including advanced courses on the interpretation of legal texts in educational programs provides graduates with the ability to work with laws, contracts, and judicial acts at a high level of professionalism.

Duncan Kennedy, in his work “Legal Education and the Reproduction of Hierarchy” (2004) [3, p. 9-144], emphasizes the importance of the transformative potential of legal education, which can form an analytical approach to the interpretation of legal texts. Kennedy emphasizes the importance of critical understanding of the content of legal documents, which allows students to go beyond rote memorization and gain a deeper understanding of the features of legal language.

The principles of plain language, applied in the drafting of legal documents, are an effective strategy for minimizing ambiguity and increasing their accessibility. Legal texts are often characterized by excessive complexity, the use of archaic terms and unnecessary detail. The principles of plain language include simplifying syntactic structures, eliminating professional jargon and formulating texts in such a way that they are understandable not only to lawyers but also to a general audience.

Joseph Kimble, a leading researcher in the field of plain language in law, discusses its practical application in his work “Writing for Dollars, Writing to Please: The Case for Plain Language in Business, Government, and Law” (2012) [4, p. 5-10, 20-22, 37-44]. Kimble argues that clear and understandable communication not only improves ethical standards, but also improves the efficiency of legal work. By using plain language, lawyers can achieve greater comprehension among colleagues and in communication with clients.

The integration of modern technologies, especially natural language processing (NLP) tools, opens up new prospects for analyzing legal texts. These technologies make it possible to automate tasks related to analysis and processing of data, including document review, legal research, and contract analysis. The use of NLP reduces the risk of human error, increases the speed of information processing, and allows for the identification of patterns in the use of legal language [4, p. 103-166].

David Crystal in “Making Sense: The Glamorous Story of English Grammar” (2017) [5, p. 210-217] explores the potential of technology in the field of language analysis, including its application in law. Crystal notes that modern tools based on artificial intelligence provide lawyers with effective means to extract relevant information from large volumes of legal texts.

Examples of practical use of NLP are demonstrated by such platforms as ROSS Intelligence [6] and Casetext [7], which use algorithms to analyze legal documents, providing specialists with more accurate data for decision-making.

An interdisciplinary approach that combines theoretical developments in the field of linguistics and law contributes to a deeper understanding of the linguistic aspects of legal texts. In “Language and Law: Theory and Society” (2008) [8, p. 7-35], Frances Olsen, Alexander Lorz and Dieter Stein explore the relationship between linguistics and jurisprudence, emphasizing the importance of linguistic accuracy for adequately conveying legal intent.

In addition, forensic linguistics, explored in detail in “The Oxford Handbook of Language and Law” (2012) [9, p. 86-99, 128-145, 146-156, 421-434] by Lawrence Solan and Peter Tiersma, examines the use of linguistic analysis methods to solve legal problems. In particular, this approach helps to eliminate ambiguities and reveal hidden meanings in complex legal constructions.

In conclusion, effective interpretation of legal language requires a synthesis of different approaches. Legal education with an emphasis on critical thinking and clarity of presentation creates a foundation for the professional growth of specialists. The application of simplified language principles and the use of modern technologies increase the accessibility and accuracy of interpretation. Interdisciplinary research integrating the achievements of linguistics contributes to a deeper understanding of the cognitive processes associated with legal analysis.

The integrated use of these strategies allows legal professionals to adapt to the challenges associated with the dynamic nature of language and the legal environment, ensuring a high level of professional competence.

Effective implementation of methods to improve

the interpretation of legal language

Case studies illustrate the successful implementation of approaches aimed at improving the effectiveness of legal interpretation. Jurisdictions that have implemented initiatives to simplify language, reform the legal education system, and integrate technology into law enforcement provide empirical evidence of their effectiveness.

Plain language initiatives, supported by leading academics and practitioners, aim to simplify legal texts to make them more accessible and understandable to a wide audience. Successful examples of such initiatives demonstrate significant improvements in the transparency and effectiveness of legal communication.

The Canadian province of British Columbia serves as a shining example of the application of plain language principles. The British Columbia Law Institute’s Plain Language Legal Information Project [10] promotes the creation of legal documents that are understandable and accessible to citizens. Empirical evidence from the analysis of the project results confirms the positive impact on the interpretation of legal language.

The Government of Canada is actively promoting plain language standards through the Department of Public Works and Government Services (Public Services and Procurement Canada) [11]. The resources and guidance provided by the department support the implementation of clear communication in government work.

In the United States, the implementation of the Plain Writing Act (2010) [12] initiated the development of the Federal Plain Language Guidelines [13], a set of recommendations aimed at improving the comprehensibility of official documentation. The principles outlined in these guidelines include identifying the needs of the target audience, organizing the text logically, using accessible language, and testing materials for comprehensibility.

The U.S. Federal Plain Language Guidelines are a set of recommendations and best practices designed to make government communications clear and effective. These guidelines were developed to ensure that government information is accessible, understandable, and useful to the general public. The principles of plain language are based on simplicity, clarity, and transparency in presentation, which helps make government materials easier to understand [13, p. 1].

The focus is on identifying and understanding the needs of the target audience, using simple and direct language, presenting information in a logical and structured manner, and clearly indicating the actions the reader needs to take. They also emphasize the importance of using legible fonts and appropriate text sizes, testing communications with representatives of the target audience to ensure their clarity and accessibility. Additionally, the needs of people with disabilities and various needs are taken into account, which helps make materials inclusive [13, p. 2, 6-9, 88].

The guidelines cover a wide range of government materials, including forms, letters, websites, and publications. Federal agencies are actively encouraged to implement plain language principles in their communications practices, which helps improve the public's perception and understanding of government information [13, p. 17-88, 89-99].

The Australian Government has integrated plain language principles into the Australian Government Style Manual [14], a guide to creating clear and consistent government communication. The guide includes recommendations for editing texts, ensuring their accessibility for citizens with disabilities, and rules for the visual design of documents.

The Australian Government Style Guide is a comprehensive document designed to ensure clear and consistent communication across Australian government business. It provides detailed guidance on writing, editing and publishing texts that are focused on ensuring that information is accessible, accurate and understandable to a wide range of audiences [14].

The guide emphasises the digital environment, recognising the growing role of online communication. It provides guidance on creating content that is suitable for use on websites and other digital platforms, which meets the modern requirements for the presentation of government information.

An important part of the guide is the emphasis on using plain English, free of unnecessary jargon and complex structures. This approach is aimed at increasing the transparency and understandability of government communications, which is consistent with the principles of effective engagement with citizens [14].

The document covers grammar and punctuation, ensuring consistency and accuracy in writing. In addition, attention is paid to the creation of accessible materials, including those intended for people with disabilities. The guide provides recommendations on how to adapt the text for people with visual or cognitive impairments [14].

Particular attention is paid to visual design, including advice on the choice of fonts, colour schemes and document structure, which contributes to the clarity and ease of perception of the information presented.

The Guide is regularly updated to reflect changes in language use, technological advances and modern communication standards. This makes it a key tool for ensuring effective and accessible government communication [14].

Within the European Union, the “Clear Writing for Europe” [15] project aims to promote clear and understandable texts produced by European Commission institutions. Particular attention is paid to eliminating linguistic confusion in a multilingual environment, ensuring consistency and accuracy across languages.

Initiatives by the European Union to promote multilingualism in legal texts provide a valuable case study. The use of multiple languages in legal practice poses unique challenges to the interpretation of legal norms, and the European Union has developed strategies to ensure clarity and consistency across all language versions of legal documents. Examining the impact of these strategies provides valuable guidance for jurisdictions facing similar challenges related to linguistic diversity.

New Zealand has developed the WriteMark Plain Language Standard [16], which assesses and certifies documents for their compliance with clear language principles. The standard encourages organisations to produce accessible and understandable texts, demonstrating their commitment to effective communication.

New Zealand organisations can voluntarily certify their documents to the WriteMark Plain Language Standard. The certification process involves a comprehensive assessment of the language used in documents to ensure that it meets the principles of clear and simple writing [16].

The WriteMark Standard places a premium on using clear, concise and easy-to-understand language. It encourages the avoidance of jargon, complex terminology and confusing sentences that can make information difficult to understand. Like other plain language initiatives, the WriteMark Standard is user-focused. It emphasises the importance of considering the expectations and characteristics of the target audience, ensuring that communication is tailored to make it more accessible and usable. The WriteMark Standard also addresses accessibility considerations, including formatting, font selection and other features that make materials more readable for people with different abilities [16].

Organisations that successfully achieve WriteMark Plain Language certification receive a certification mark that demonstrates their commitment to clear and effective communication. This mark may be used on documents and materials to demonstrate their commitment to high standards of information transfer and efforts to improve accessibility [16].

Sweden, through the Public Service Management Agency [17], is implementing plain language initiatives to simplify interactions between the government and citizens.

The integration of technology into law enforcement shows the potential to revolutionise the analysis and interpretation of legal texts. Technological tools such as the Westlaw [18] and LexisNexis [19] platforms use natural language processing algorithms to simplify legal research, automate document analysis and improve the accuracy of extracting relevant information.

Thus, real-world examples of successful implementation of methods to improve the interpretation of legal language provide a valuable empirical basis for further study. Jurisdictions that promote initiatives to simplify language, improve legal education, and integrate technology demonstrate significant potential for creating a more accessible and fair legal environment.

Analysis of these cases is important for developing strategies aimed at improving law enforcement practices. Synthesizing interdisciplinary knowledge based on the experience of successful jurisdictions contributes to the creation of innovative approaches that ensure clarity, transparency, and fairness of legal language.

Research Results

Prospects for development and recommendations

The current transformations of the legal profession demonstrate a growing need to improve the interpretation of legal language. The evolution of language requires that research in this area occupy a central place in linguistic and legal research. Future research could focus on the intersections of linguistics and law, the analysis of new language trends, the impact of cultural shifts on legal language, and the evolution of legal terminology.

Of particular relevance are studies devoted to the linguistic aspects of new areas of law, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and environmental law. These areas provide an opportunity to study how developing technologies and global challenges shape legal language. Interdisciplinary collaboration between linguists, lawyers, and technology specialists can contribute to the creation of AI tools for processing legal language based on linguistic analysis.

The future of legal language interpretation is directly related to technological innovations. The continued advancement of natural language processing (NLP), machine learning, and artificial intelligence technologies offers opportunities to create highly effective tools that can facilitate the analysis of legal texts.

“Legal Tech, Smart Contracts, and Blockchain” by Marcelo Corales, Mark Fenwick, and Helena Haapio (2019) [20, p. 1-15, 253-272] highlights the transformative impact of technology on legal practice and the interpretation of legal language. The book examines the implications of blockchain and smart contracts, emphasizing the need for lawyers to adapt to technological changes.

The integration of blockchain technologies into the legal field provides a unique approach to understanding decentralized systems and their impact on legal language. “Blockchain and the Law: The Rule of Code” by Primavera de Filippi and Aaron Wright (2018) [21, p. 13-58, 193-204] analyzes the legal aspects of blockchain, emphasizing the importance of understanding the linguistic features of new technologies.

Legal education must transform itself to prepare future professionals for new challenges in language interpretation. Including courses on linguistic analysis, the use of AI in law, and the ethical aspects of technology in the curriculum will help prepare students for the changing linguistic and technological landscape. It is recommended to introduce modules on critical thinking about legal language to provide a deeper understanding of its evolution.

Continuous learning and professional development are necessary for lawyers to stay abreast of the latest developments in linguistics and technology. Seminars, online courses, and trainings on legal language interpretation contribute to the development of skills and strengthening of professional competencies.

Resources provided by platforms such as the Legal Writing Institute (LWI) [22] and the Plain Language Association International (PLAIN) [23] offer training programs aimed at developing effective legal communication skills. Participation in these programs allows lawyers to improve their interpretive skills and stay up to date with best practices.

Policy initiatives play an important role in creating conditions for improving legal language interpretation. Developing clear guidelines for the use of plain language in legal documents, supporting technological developments, and integrating linguistic analysis into educational programs are key areas of public policy.

The future of legal language interpretation depends on the interaction of linguists, lawyers, technologists, educators, and policymakers. Research into the nuances of language, technological developments, and the adaptation of legal practice to modern challenges will determine the trajectory of the field.

The use of interdisciplinary approaches, the study of global practices, and an emphasis on lifelong learning will allow the legal community to successfully adapt to the dynamic changes in the field of language and technology. Policy initiatives that support innovation and accountability in the interpretation of legal language can create favorable conditions for the development of a more accessible and fair legal space.

The legal profession, responding to the challenges of the times, must remain committed to improving the interpretation of language. The dynamics of the interaction of language, law and technology require a proactive and flexible approach. The joint efforts of specialists will make it possible to create a legal language that will become more accessible, understandable and relevant to the modern demands of society, thereby strengthening the fairness and effectiveness of communication in the legal field.

Conclusion

Legal language is a complex phenomenon characterized by both structural and substantive challenges. Its specificity, based on a high degree of precision and contextual certainty, requires in-depth analysis that goes beyond traditional linguistic understanding. Lawyers, performing the functions of interpreters of legal texts, face a wide range of problems, including semantic ambiguity and the need to take into account the dynamics of linguistic changes, which requires the use of adaptive and theoretically grounded approaches.

The key problem is the risk of misinterpretation due to the complexity of legal terminology and the contextual dependence of legal language. Fundamental precision of presentation often leads to the complication of texts, which complicates their perception and interpretation. This circumstance indicates the need for continuous improvement of legal writing practices aimed at achieving a balance between the clarity of wording and their substantive rigor.

Language evolution, in turn, creates additional challenges, as legal texts must adapt to changing social conditions and new concepts. The legal profession finds itself at the intersection of two trends: preserving legal traditions and integrating modern realities. An effective solution to this problem requires a systematic approach to updating the legal language to ensure compliance with new social norms and values.

To improve the quality of legal text interpretation, it is necessary to implement comprehensive strategies. Legal education plays a central role in this process, as it should develop competencies in linguistic analysis and interpretation methods in future professionals. Maintaining high professional training is possible through an emphasis on developing clear and structured writing skills, as well as an understanding of the patterns of language evolution.

Technological innovations such as natural language processing and artificial intelligence tools provide significant opportunities for improving the interpretation of legal texts. These tools not only facilitate the analysis of complex linguistic structures, but also help to identify potential sources of uncertainty, which increases the consistency and predictability of legal documentation.

In conclusion legal language as a fundamental tool for the professional activity of lawyers, requires a systematic and interdisciplinary approach to its study and improvement. Solving problems related to the accuracy of wording, adaptation to the dynamics of language and integration of technologies will allow creating more accessible and understandable legal texts. This, in turn, will strengthen the transparency and effectiveness of law enforcement practice.

Achieving these goals is possible only through continuous interaction between lawyers, scientists and technology developers. Joint efforts to study linguistic features, introduce innovations and improve educational standards will create the basis for the formation of a legal environment in which legal language will become a more understandable and reliable tool in ensuring justice.

В.В. Ночевная, КазГЮУ жоғары заң мектебінің докторанты Нәрікбаева (Астана, Қазақстан Республикасы): Заң тілі – заңгерлер жұмысының маңызды бөлігі: құқықтық мәтіндерді түсіндіруді жақсарту мәселелері мен тәсілдері.

Бұл ғылыми мақала заң тілінің құқық қолдану қызметіндегі шешуші рөлін зерттеуге арналған және оның заңгерлердің кәсіби қызметі үшін маңыздылығын ерекше атап көрсетеді. Құқықтық тілдің күрделі табиғаты оны түсіндіруде елеулі қиындықтар туғызады, бұл тек тілді терең меңгеруді ғана емес, сонымен қатар құқықтық принциптердің негіздерін түсінуді талап етеді. Мақалада заң тілін түсінуге байланысты көпқырлы мәселелер жан-жақты талданып, заң мәтіндерін түсіндіруді жақсартуға бағытталған әдістемелік тәсілдер ұсынылған.

Заң тілі – заңгерлердің кәсіби қызметінің негізін құрайтын құқық қолдану тәжірибесінің орталық элементі. Зерттеудің мақсаты – заң тілінің негізгі мәнін және оның құқықтық түсіндірудің күрделі саласындағы рөлін анықтау. Заңгерлер заң мәтіндерін талдау барысында кездесетін қиындықтар лайықты түсіну үшін лингвистикалық және құқықтық білімдерді біріктіру қажеттілігін көрсетеді. Құқықтық тілдің көпқырлылығы терминологияның нақтылығы мен арнайы жаргондардың қолданылуынан ғана емес, оның мазмұны мен түсіндірілуіне әсер ететін тарихи және контекстік факторлардан да көрінеді.

Заң тілін зерттеу – бұл тіл мен құқық арасындағы өзара байланысты талдау, бұл заң мәтіндерін сәтті түсіндіру үшін үйлесімді түсінік қажет ететін симбиотикалық жүйе. Бұл байланыстың маңыздылығы, әсіресе, дұрыс түсіндірмеудің құқықтық дауларға, сот қателіктеріне және заң үстемдігінің әлсіреуіне әкелуі мүмкін салдарлар тұрғысынан айқын көрінеді. Осылайша, мақала заң тілінің мәселелеріне ғана тоқталып қоймай, сонымен қатар заңгерлердің құқық қолдану негізінде жатқан тілдік және контекстік ерекшеліктерге деген сезімталдығын арттыру қажеттілігіне ерекше назар аударады.

Заң тілін терең зерттеу оның дәл түсіндірілуі үшін тек тілді білу жеткіліксіз екенін көрсетеді. Заңгерлер заң мәтіндеріне тән белгісіздік пен түсініксіздіктермен жұмыс істеуді үйренуі керек. Тіпті мұқият дайындалған құқықтық құжаттардың өзінде әртүрлі түсінікке әкелетін екіұштылық элементтері болуы мүмкін. Бұл мәселені талдау үшін мақалада негізгі прецеденттер мен академиялық зерттеулер қарастырылып, түсініксіз тілдің сипаттамалық белгілері анықталады және құқықтық қатынастардың анықтығын қамтамасыз ету жолдары ұсынылады.

Мақалада заң тілімен байланысты мәселелерді анықтаумен шектелмей, оларды шешудің стратегиялық жолдары да ұсынылған. Әсіресе, заң мәтіндерін түсіндірудің әртүрлі әдістеріне, соның ішінде заңгерлік білім беру бағдарламаларына тілдік дағдыларды енгізу және құқықтық жазбаға оңайлатылған тіл принциптерін қолдану мәселесіне назар аударылады. Мұндай шаралар құқықтық қатынастардың тиімділігін арттыруға және заңгерлердің тілдің эволюциясы туралы хабардарлығын арттыруға ықпал етеді.

Қорытындылай келе, мақала заң тілінің ерекшеліктері мен оның құқық қолдану тәжірибесіндегі маңыздылығын жүйелі түрде қарастырады. Құқықтық тілдің анықталған мәселелері, қиындықтары мен когнитивтік аспектілері олардың заңгерлердің кәсіби қызметіне әсер ету контекстінде талданады. Мақалада құқықтық тілдің түсіндірме деңгейін арттырудың әдістемелік негіздері ұсынылып, оның әділеттілікті сақтау, заң үстемдігін нығайту және әлемдік деңгейде құқықтық жүйелердің тиімді жұмыс істеуін қамтамасыз етудегі маңыздылығы атап көрсетіледі.

Кілт сөздер: Заң тілі, құқық қолдану қызметі, құқықтық түсіндіру, когнитивтік бейтараптық, тілдік талдау, заңгерлік білім беру, оңайлатылған тіл, құқықтық коммуникация, табиғи тілді өңдеу (NLP), құқықтық мәтіндер, құқықтағы анықсыздық, пәнаралық тәсіл, құқықтық жазу, эвристика, құқықтық технологиялар, блокчейн және құқық, құқықтағы жасанды интеллект, құқықтық терминология, құқық үстемдігі, әділетке қолжетімділік.

В.В. Ночевная, докторант, Высшая школа права, Maqsut Narikbayev University (Астана, Республика Казахстан): Юридический язык как важная составляющая работы юриста: проблемы и подходы к улучшению интерпретации юридических текстов.

Данная исследовательская статья посвящена изучению ключевой роли юридического языка в юридической деятельности, подчеркивая его важность для профессиональной деятельности юристов. Сложная природа юридического языка создает значительные трудности при толковании, требуя не только глубокого знания языка, но и владения основами правовых принципов. В статье подробно анализируются многогранные проблемы, связанные с пониманием юридического языка, и предлагаются методические подходы, направленные на совершенствование толкования юридических текстов.

Юридический язык является центральным элементом правоприменительной практики, составляя основу профессиональной деятельности юристов. Целью исследования является выявление основополагающего значения юридического языка и его роли в сложной сфере юридического толкования. Трудности, с которыми сталкиваются юристы при анализе юридических текстов, подчеркивают необходимость интеграции лингвистических и юридических знаний для адекватного понимания. Многогранность юридического языка проявляется не только в точности терминологии и использовании специализированного жаргона, но и в исторических и контекстуальных факторах, влияющих на его содержание и толкование. Изучение юридического языка представляет собой изучение взаимосвязи языка и права – симбиотической системы, гармоничное понимание которой необходимо для успешного толкования юридических текстов. Значимость этой взаимосвязи особенно очевидна в свете возможных последствий неправильного толкования, которые могут привести к правовым спорам, судебным ошибкам и ослаблению верховенства права. Таким образом, статья не только фокусируется на проблемах юридического языка, но и подчеркивает необходимость развития у юристов повышенной чувствительности к лингвистическим и контекстуальным особенностям, лежащим в основе правоприменения.

Углубленное изучение юридического языка показывает, что одного знания языка недостаточно для его точного толкования. Юристы должны уметь работать с неопределенностями и двусмысленностями, характерными для юридических текстов. Даже тщательно подготовленные юридические документы могут содержать элементы двусмысленности, создавая риск различного понимания. Для анализа этой проблемы в статье рассматриваются ключевые прецедентные случаи и научные исследования с целью выявления характерных черт двусмысленного языка и предложения подходов к обеспечению ясности юридической коммуникации.

Статья не ограничивается выявлением проблем, связанных с юридическим языком, но и предлагает стратегические пути их решения. Уделяется внимание различным методам совершенствования толкования юридических текстов, включая интеграцию языковых навыков в программы юридического образования и внедрение принципов упрощенного языка в юридическое письмо. Такие меры способствуют повышению эффективности юридической коммуникации и осведомленности юристов об эволюции языка.

В заключение в статье представлено системное исследование особенностей юридического языка и его значения в правоприменительной практике. Выявленные проблемы, трудности и когнитивные аспекты юридического языка анализируются в контексте их влияния на профессиональную деятельность юристов. В статье предлагается методологическая основа для совершенствования уровня толкования юридического языка, подчеркивая его важность для поддержания правосудия, укрепления верховенства права и обеспечения эффективного функционирования правовых систем на мировом уровне.

Ключевые слова: Юридический язык, правоприменительная деятельность, юридическая интерпретация, когнитивные предвзятости, лингвистический анализ, юридическое образование, упрощенный язык, юридическая коммуникация, обработка естественного языка (NLP), юридические тексты, неопределенность в праве, междисциплинарный подход, юридическое письмо, эвристики, правовые технологии, блокчейн и право, искусственный интеллект в праве, юридическая терминология, верховенство закона, доступ к правосудию.

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